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Chinese modernization gaining momentum

By Wang Fan,Li Yuju,Zheng Fengtian and Wang Yiwei | CHINA DAILY | Updated: 2026-04-24 08:50
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Agricultural and rural development key to modernization drive

By Zheng Fengtian

Agricultural and rural modernization is the most challenging aspect of Chinese modernization. To realize comprehensive modernization, it is essential to ensure that this does not become a constraint.

A defining achievement was China's eight-year battle against poverty from 2012 to 2020, which lifted nearly 100 million people out of destitution. Only when this was achieved did the country build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

China is now implementing a three-pronged strategy for agricultural and rural modernization: new industrialization, new urbanization, and all-round rural vitalization.

New industrialization — exemplified by rapid advances in robotics and AI — is progressing swiftly. However, China still has 450 million rural residents. Over the next decade, around 200 million people are expected to migrate from the countryside to cities.

It is crucial to focus on how new industrialization can benefit this vast number of rural migrant workers, helping them establish roots in urban areas and integrate into the evolving industrial landscape.

China's urbanization rate is now 67 percent. The country currently boasts a middle-income group of around 400 million people, a figure that is expected to double to 800 million, with the greatest potential for growth among the rural population.

Additionally, many people still hold rural household registrations while living and working in cities. China has robust policy frameworks in place to support these individuals in establishing a stable urban presence, although the complete transition may take two to three generations to achieve.

The third is all-round rural vitalization. To fully achieve Chinese modernization, agriculture and rural areas must be developed robustly. This is why the country has prioritized agricultural and rural development as a fundamental principle.

Even in Beijing, where the agricultural population is relatively small, significant attention is given to issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and rural residents.

Rural areas in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and some suburban areas of major cities are catching up with their counterparts in economies such as Japan and the Republic of Korea.

For the vast rural populations in China's central and western regions, migration to cities and participation in new industrialization and urbanization remain essential pathways for engaging in Chinese modernization.

China's experience in advancing agricultural and rural modernization offers valuable lessons for addressing global challenges. Through its targeted poverty alleviation efforts, China has contributed to over 70 percent of global poverty reduction during this period.

Despite the challenges, China has both the capability and confidence to achieve agricultural and rural modernization.

The fact that large rural areas and the agricultural sector are still progressing toward modernization underscores that China remains a developing economy.

Zheng Fengtian is a professor of the School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China.

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