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一項(xiàng)研究指出，非裔美國(guó)婦女肥胖率高與種族歧視的言論和態(tài)度有關(guān)。
在美國(guó)，胖人在過(guò)去幾十年里人數(shù)猛增，其中增長(zhǎng)最快的是非裔美國(guó)婦女——約半數(shù)的非裔美國(guó)婦女在目前被視為肥胖。
研究稱(chēng)，遭受種族歧視會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的心理壓力，從而導(dǎo)致肥胖。研究表明，經(jīng)常承受壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致重要的神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào)，進(jìn)而引發(fā)體內(nèi)多余脂肪的儲(chǔ)存。
在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者在1997年和2009年被記錄最多的是他們經(jīng)常遭遇到的“日常”種族歧視，比如外出吃飯或購(gòu)物時(shí)接受到糟糕的服務(wù)，以及因?yàn)樗麄兊姆N族問(wèn)題而在工作中，在住房問(wèn)題上，甚至治安問(wèn)題上都受到不好的對(duì)待（“終生”種族歧視）。
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，與那些在這兩個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)受歧視較少的人相比，在1997年和2009年經(jīng)常受到日常種族歧視的參與者中，69%的人更有可能成為肥胖者。經(jīng)常受到終生種族歧視的婦女也面臨更大的肥胖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
For African-American women, being the target of racist remarks and attitudes is tied to a higher risk for obesity, according to researchers from the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University.
The link between racism and obesity was greatest among women who suffered from consistently high prejudice over a 12-year period.
The research, published online in the American Journal of Epidemiology, was based on data from the Black Women’s Health Study, a longitudinal study that enrolled and followed 59,000 African-American women beginning in 1995.
Through the use of questionnaires, the study gathered information on lifestyle factors, experiences of racism, height and weight, and other factors.
Obesity in the United States has increased rapidly over the past few decades with the greatest increases in African-American women —about half of African-American women are currently labeled as obese.
Experiencing racism —a form of severe psychosocial stress —can contribute to obesity. Research on both animals and humans suggest that constant exposure to stress can result in dysregulation of important neuroendocrine functions which can in turn trigger the storage of excess body fat.
For the study, participants were asked in 1997 and in 2009 to rate how often they experienced “everyday” racism, such as receiving lousy service while eating out or shopping, and whether they had been treated poorly because of their race on the job, in housing, or by the police (“l(fā)ifetime” racism).
The findings revealed that participants who had reported the most everyday racism in both 1997 and 2009 were 69 percent more likely to become obese compared to those in the lowest category at both intervals. Women who reported more lifetime racism were also at greater risk for obesity.
“Experiences of racism may explain in part the high prevalence of obesity among African-American women,” said lead author Yvette C. Cozier, Ph.D., assistant professor of epidemiology at Boston University.
Cozier suggests that workplace- and community-based programs designed to eliminate racism as well as interventions to reduce racism-induced stress would be important strategies, especially in high-risk communities.
（來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)愛(ài)新聞iNews 編輯：丹妮）
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